流体力学习题答案
流体力学习题答案
流体力学 张国强吴家鸣编 习题答案 1- 1 p = 8 kg/m 3 , v = 0.125 m 3 /kg, p = 0.684 MPa 1-2 m = 0.075 kg, V = 0.878 m 1-3 1-4 等温: ^ = 0.1 MPa, 绝热: =0.14 MPa, 等压:
1-5 1-6 1- 7 1- 8 done 2- 1 泵吸水管入口:
p = 116 kPa, 冷凝器中:
p = 20 kPa 2- 3 H = 340 m P~ P Q
=^kp-(R- -r 1 ) + pg(z 0 -z) 9
”0 、 Zo 为液球表面 某一点处的压强和垂直坐标;特别地,在无 重力的外层空间,等压面为球面。
^ = 3 MPa III av = 0.00336 K 1 T = 212.1 N m p = T
/(1 + 仝竺)" JCCO ( d + J)
h 8/z 7TG )
hd P = 12&6 W h = 3 mm
2- 5 p = O.97po :
H = 256m, T = O.97To :
H = 1129 m 2-6 a <30° 2-7 pA-p 〃 = 9963Pa 2-8 F = 2150 N 2-10 H > 2.7 m 2-11 圆柱:
D>0.1m, 2-12 D = 0.057 m 2-13 x = 0.25 m 2-14 l )p = 109800 Pa ;
2 )
a = g ;
3 )
a = 6.1 g 。
g 为重力加速度 2-15 a = 1.96 m/s 2
2-16 1)
)
「5 +乞心 2 )
( o = 14.0 rad/s ;
3 )
V = 2g 0.025 m 3 , h = 0.090 m 2-17 n = 12 done 3-1 3-2 d , / -137, df ay = bx dit v
》 -72.5 d/ 3-3 x 2
+y 2
= c 2
3-4 co = -ci -cij + hk f lel= y/a 2
+b~ +c 2
F x
= 2apgh 9 F 7
=XQ,gl2 ;
R > 0.072 m 球
3-5 y©=a_b f 企= -a — b
3- 6 u z
= -xz + z 2 /2 3- 7 qv= 0.241 m 3 /s, q m
= 241 kg/s, v = 21.3 m/s 3- 8 ^vmax = 0.0177 m 3 /s, v max
= 2.25 m/s 3-9 叫 =-0 〉,, u v
= px , u z
= a
;
^h.-p 2 x 9
叫= _02),, 理 =o dr d/ dr 3 ・ 10 (p = -3x~4-y 2
-2y+ C done 3 ・ 11 〜 3-15 done 4-1 —=-2xz-2yz-z 2
-z 9
为有旋流动 4-2 —= /-lv P
= -0 」 08i+0.029;-9.8/1 d/ p 4-3 d” d" v
d” £p__P&k_ p( x
i+ y
j+ z
^)--136000 < +18000 /-889800/I dz d/ d/ 4-4 o 炳
« -10 5
, j = 4.8 9 r xz
= -0.5 ; r yx
= T xy
= 4.8 , o\ 、 a -10 5
, 。=一 3.1; =
T XZ
= -0.5 9
Q =
7=_3. I , 兀 =-10‘
4- 5 vi = &04 m/s, vs = 6.98 m/s qm =3.54 g/s 4 D 4 /J 4 -l 4 Vp l-e/ 4 /D 4
1) v = 5.94 m/s, p m in = 62763 Pa ; ; 9.76 m 4- 9 q m
= 439 kg/s 4- 10 m = 3.09 kg 4-11 F= 11.70 N, 6> = 30°
4-6 4-7 4-8
4-12 vi = 3&26 m/s, pi = 95.8 kPa, Tz = 270 K, pi = 1.232 kg/m 3
4-13 AE = —pAv y
16” 4-14 7 = 0.348 N m, P = 63 W, /?2 = pi = 1.154 kg/m 3 , p 2
= 1.011 MPa, T 2
= 305 K
4-15 P = 31.6 kW done 5-1 C=ylK/p 5- 2 取兀、 D 和〃为基本变量,有 ptr D nD pnD" pnD nD
强单位),有 •呜和 =0
或 T = c 空 丄 q v
H n r] 5- 4 取 D 、〃和"为基本变量,有 『為盘 )=0 或 F = C”®)S 力 5- 5 取人卩和〃为基本变量,有 F, = C L
(Ma, Re 、 卡)- 4 pv 2
A
禾口 F D
= C D
(Md. Re, ^ )
-^pv~A 6- 12 d > 6.265 m done 5-3 取〃、妙和 H 为基本变 (注意 H 为压
7- 1 d v 12.7 mm 7- 2 2 = 0.021 7-3 层流:
A/?2/Api = 16 ; 紊流:
A/?2/A^ I = 32 7-4 层流: a=2,0=4/3 ; 紊流 1/7 律: a=1.06, 0 = 1.02 7-5
=4.96 MPa 7-6 qv = 0.101 m 3 /s, Ho = 8.4 m 7-7 d > 0.381 m
7-8 qvi : =0.035 m 3 /s, qvi =0.010 m 3 /s ;
hf = 90965 Pa
7-9 qv = 0.0666 m 3 /s
7-10 P = 773.5 W 7-11 z < 5.5 m 7-12 1) v = 4.97 m/s, qv = 0.562 L/s, v 2 /2 = 12.3 J/kg; 2) v = 29.4 m/s, qv = 0.208 L/s, v 2 /2 = 432 J/kg 7-13 © = 0.5625, ®j = 5060 Pa 7-14 di = 510 mm 7-15 审连: Ap/= 53.5 kPa ; 并连: Ap f = 1.17 kPa 7-16 c = 1123 m/s, \p = 5.615 MPa ; 实际中不 发生水击
7-17 l)p x
=-91414 Pa ;
2)p x
= 687777 Pa 7-18 截面收缩系数£ = 0.64, 流速系数 0 二 0.97,流量系数“ = 0.62, 局部损失系数? = 0.066 7-19 r = 503 s done 8- 1 u < 5&9 m/s = 212 km/h 8-2 按可压缩流计算:
u = 216.8 m/s, 按不可 压流计算:
u = 204.2 m/s ;
\u/u = 5.8% 8-3 假设导弹表面状态与驻点的相同曲 =686 m/s ;实际上:
u = 715 m/s 8- 4 w = 284 kW/kg 8-5 q m
= 2.856 kg/s 8-6 w = 551 m/s, p = 124 kPa, 2) p* = 623 kPa, T* = 477.5 K, p 探=
4.546 kg/m 3 , n* = 438 m/s ; ; 3) 心= 385 K,fi2 = 2.66 kg/m 3 , ui = 614.6 m/s 8-8 Ma = 2.236, w = 760 m/s, f=l ・ 64s 8-9 = 1.74 cm 2 , A 2
= 2.21 cm 2 , u 2
= 614.6 m/s ;
A = 2.04 cm 2 , u = 278.1 m/s done 9-1 R = 0.65m, =5.89 m/s, V. =1.16 m/s, V, = 2.78 m/s liid X • ■ 9-2 ^ vo
= 3.M m 3 /s
q m
= 54.4 kg/s 1) 釆用缩放喷管血 Vp*);
9-3 Jo = 0.208 m 9
如° = o 15 m 3 /s 9- 4 弘 =11 m 3 /s, 冬= 9 」 m/s, Umax = wo = 10 m/s 9-5 1) z?=i.76in, 2) q Vi)
=7.9 m 3 /s, 3) ( ( /v
=20.8 m"/s 9-6 v 2 = 1.07 m/s, —116 °C, j = -3 m 9- 7 V2 = 0.18 m/s, /;=2 3.7°C, j = -4.25 m 9-8 2/ A) =0.131 m, s = 1.915 m 9 ・ 9 ib 0
=
0.029 m, p B2
= 0.016 mg/L 9-10 在射流主体段 -^ = 2・72j"s/%+0・41 , △T() 在射流起始段
------ =1 f
-- = 一 △% △几 < done △妇 _ 如 0 _ 0.833 △斥 q v J as / Z?o + 0.41 如。
= _______ 1 1 + 0・43 处/“
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