高考英语专题复习—冠词

　 高考英语专题复习—冠词

　 要点 1. 冠词的泛指和特指用法 不定冠词修饰可数名词．其意思为" " 一个" " ； 定冠词既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，往往表特指．其意思相当于" " 这个" "， 单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中，一定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词，或者加定冠词)。

　要点 2 2 ．不定冠词 a(n) 的几种特殊用法

　（1）不定冠词 a(n)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前。

　Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。

　（2）不定冠词 a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日二餐前。

　Before I go to work every morning, I"ve a light breakfast.

　我每天早晨上班前．吃点简单的早餐。

　（3）不定冠词 a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。

　The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July. （4）不定冠词 a(n)用于序数词前，表示一次，又一。

　How important it is to learn a second language! （5）抽象名词就是表示状态，品质，情感的没有实物的名词。比如responsibility（责任）, law（法律），love(爱情)，peace(和平)，具体

　 化就是前面可加冠词（a/an）,变成可数名词。

　Give her a surprise.给她个惊喜。

　或放在姓氏前，表示只知道名字而不熟悉的人。

　A Mr.Liu is waiting for you.一个姓刘的先生在等你。

　（6）用在某些固定词组中。

　A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与…交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧)), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒). 要点 3 3 定冠词的 特殊 用法

　(1.) 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物

　the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界

　(2.) 指由普通名词构成的专有名词

　the West Lake 西湖

　 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国

　(3.) 表示方向、方位

　in the east 在东方

　in the west 在西方

　 in the front 在前面

　at the back 在后面

　in the bottom 在底部

　 at the top 在顶部

　on the right 在右边

　 on the left 在左边

　(4). 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人

　The Bakers came to see me yesterday.

　(5). 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物

　the poor 穷人

　 the rich 富人

　the sick 病人

　 the wounded 伤员

　the good 好人

　 the beautiful 美丽的事物

　(6. )用在 the very 强调句中

　This is the very book I want.

　这就是我想要的那本书。

　(7.) 在 the more, the more 比较级的句式中

　The more you drink, the more you like it.

　你越喝就越爱喝。

　(8). 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加 the

　play the piano 弹钢琴

　play the violin 拉小提琴

　(9). 某些固定的表达法

　in the morning 在早上

　 in the afternoon 在下午

　in the evening 在晚上

　 go to the cinema 去看电影

　go to the theatre 去看戏

　all the year round 一年到头

　on the way to 前往...去的路上

　 要点 4. 零冠词的用法

　(1. )专有名词前一般不加冠词

　China 中国

　Europe 欧洲

　Lei Feng 雷锋

　 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚

　(2. )月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词

　January 一月份

　Sunday 星期日

　Christmas Day 圣诞节

　Thanksgiving 感恩节

　National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节

　比较：

　...on a Sunday morning.

　 在一个星期天的早晨... （表示某一个。）

　(3. )三餐、四季前一般不加冠词

　I have lunch at school.

　我在学校吃午餐。

　Summer is the best season for swimming.

　夏天是游泳的好季节。

　比较：

　I had a big lunch yesterday.

　 昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）

　The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.

　 史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）

　比较 ：

　I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.

　 我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。

　（表示特指）

　(4.) 进行球类运动

　 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球

　(5.) 没有特指的物质名词

　This cart is made of wood.

　这辆手推车是用木头作的。

　比较：

　The wood outside was all wet.

　外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）

　(6.) 没有特指的不可数抽象名词

　Time is precious.

　时间是宝贵的。

　比较：

　The time of the play was 1990s.

　 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指）

　(7). 固定词组

　go to school 去上学

　go to bed 上床睡觉

　go by train 乘火车去

　go by boat 乘船去

　at table 在用餐

　 in hospital 住院

　at school 求学

　 in school 求学

　at noon 在中午

　 at night 在晚上

　at midnight 在半夜

　in town 在城里

　(8). 独立结构中的名词不加冠词

　A boy came in, book in hand.

　一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。

　(9). 泛指人类

　 Man is mortal. ( ( 常考的有 society, nature, space) 人必有一死。

　(10). 在"kind of＋名词 sort of＋名词"句式中

　What kind of flower is it?

　(11.) 指职位、头衔的词，如 king，captain，president，chairman 等。

　He is (the) captain of the team.

　As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open.

　作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。

　要点 5 5 ．用冠词与不用冠词的差异

　 在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。

　at table 进餐

　at the table 在桌子旁 in hospital 住院

　in the hospital 在医院里 by sea 乘船（由海路）

　by the sea 在海边 go to sea 当水手

　go to the sea 去海边 in future 从今以后，将来

　 in the future 未来 on earth 究竟

　on the earth 在地球上，在世上 go to school (church…) 上学（做礼拜…）

　 go to the school (church…) 到学校（教堂）去 in front of 在…（外部的）前面

　 in the front of 在…（内部的）前面 on horseback 骑着马

　 on the horseback 在马背上 take place 发生

　take the place of 代替

　 out of question 毫无疑问，一定

　out of the question 不可能 at a distance 稍远一些

　 in the distance 在远处 A number of 许多

　 the number of …的数目 for a moment 一会儿

　 for the moment 目前，暂时 be in charge of 负责…

　be in the charge of 由…负责，在…掌管之下 by day 在白天

　 by the day 按日计算 in possession of 拥有

　in the possession of 为…所有 in sight of 能看见

　 in the sight of 据…的见解 in place of 代替

　 in the place of 在…的地方 be of age 成年

　be of an age 同龄 take advice 征求意见

　 take the advice 听从劝告 He is still in office. 他仍在执政

　 He is still in the office. 他仍在办公室里 高考真题趁热喝

　Time is money, you have to cherish every second of you life.

　 The warmth of ____________sweater will of course be determined by the sort o ___________wool used.

　A．The ; the

　B．the ; /

　 C．/; the

　D．/; / Most animals have little connection with_________animals of___________different

　kind unless they kill them for food.

　A．the … a

　 B．/ … a

　 C．the … the

　 D．/ … the Paper money was in___________use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in

　__________ thirteenth century. A．the … /

　 B．the … the C．/ … the

　D．/ … / 4.When you come here for your holiday next time don’t go to

　hotel; I can find you

　bed in my flat. A. the; a

　B. the; 不填

　C. a; the

　D. a; 不填 5.—John, there is

　 Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. —I’m in

　bath. A. a; the

　 B. the; a

　C. a; 不填

　 D. the; 不填 6. Tom owns

　 larger collection of

　 books than any other student in our

　class. A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填

　 C. a; the

　D. 不填; the

　 1.______recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would

　be higher than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090. A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a 2.If you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure

　you get _____fast one. A. /, /

　B./, a C. the, a D./,/

　3. It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life. A /,/

　 B. /,a

　 C. the,/

　D. the, a 4.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was

　______ Monday.。

　the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a If you grow up in ______large family ,you are more likely to develop _____ability

　to get on well with ______others . Energy and persistence conquer all things.

　 A. /,an the

　B. a, the ,/

　C. the ,an ,the

　D. a, the ,the

　6.Mrs ,Taylor has ___8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting –she has

　won two national prizes. A.a, a

　B. an ,the C. an ,a D. th 7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ________ride to ________Capital Airport. A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the

　8.On May 5,2005,at ___World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and

　WangHao won the gold medal in men’s with ____score of 4:1. A. a ,a

　B. / the

　C. a ,/

　D. the ,a

　9.I knew ______John Lennon ,but not ____famous one. A. /,a

　B. a ,the

　 C. /,the

　 D. the, a

　10.The book tells ____life story of John Smith ,who left _______school and worked for

　a newspaper at the age of 16. A. the, the

　B. a , the

　C. the./

　 D. a,/

　11.When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____hotel ; I can find

　you ______bed in my flat.

　the ,a

　B. the,/

　C. a ,the

　 D. a,/ 12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off________.

　A. a price B. price

　C. the price D. prices

　13.____on-going division between English –speaking Canadians and French-speaking

　Canadians is _______major concern of the country. The ,/ B. The ,a C. An ,the D. An,/ 14.When he left _____college ,he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office .

　A. /, a

　B /, the

　C .a the

　D .the, the 15The most important thing about cotton in history is ___part that it played in

　____Industrial Revolution.

　A. /,/

　B. the,/

　C. the , the

　D. a ,the 16.While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope Newton made _____discovery

　which completely changed ____ man’s understanding of color. a ,/ B. a ,the C. /, the D. the ,a 17.It is ___world of wonders, _____world where anything can happen. A. a. the

　B. a, a

　C. the, a

　 D. /,/ 18.For a long time they walked without saying ___word .Jim was the first to break

　_____silence.

　A. the a

　 B. a ,the

　C. a ,/

　 D. the,/ 19.There was ____time _____I hated to go to school.

　 a ,that B. a ,when C. the ,that D. the ,when

　20. When you finish reading the book ,you will have ______better understanding of

　______life., a, the B. the .a C. /,the D.a,/

　absence n.缺席，不在场，缺乏 absorb vt.吸收，使专心 abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要

　academic adj.学院的，学术的 adapt vt.使适应，改编

　 admire vt.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏 admit vt.承认，准许…进入

　 adopt vt.收养，采用，采取 adventure n. 冒险，惊险活动

　a place of interest 名胜 a series of 一系列,一连串

　agree to do sth 同意做某事

　 Phrases and vocabulary you have to remember: